Oil & Gas Glossary

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2007-02-22T22:14:00.001+08:00

Abrasion Test

Agglomeration

Antifoam

API

Bioaccumulation

Bioassay

Christmas Tree

Gas Cap

Geochemistry

Geologist

Hydrocarbons

Inhibit

Kelly

Log

Mixing Mud

Mud

Shear Rate

Shear Test

Sour Corrosion

Sour Crude Oil

Sweet Crude Oil

Water Injection

Yield

Yield Point (YP)

Yield Strength

Young’s Modulus

Gas Cap

2007-02-22T21:59:00.000+08:00

The upper part of reservoir rock of a gas containing field. Since gas is lighter it occupies the upper part of the reservoir formed during the formation of oil.

Geochemistry

2007-02-22T21:57:00.002+08:00

A science related area which deals with the chemical composition of the earth and other planets. Geochemistry studies the chemical processes and reactions that govern the compositions of rocks and soils and cycles of matter and energy that transport the earth’s chemical components in time and space, and their interaction with the hydrosphere and the atmosphere.

Geologist

2007-02-22T21:55:00.002+08:00

Scientists whose duties consist of obtaining and interpreting data dealing with the earth’s history and its life, especially as recorded in rocks.

Hydrocarbons

2007-02-22T21:55:00.001+08:00

The major constituents of petroleum and gas. Chemical compound consists of hydrogen and carbon and other minor constituents such as nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen and others. Different compositions of hydrocarbons will give different characteristics of the chemical compound.

Kelly

2007-02-22T21:53:00.000+08:00

A steel pipe use to rotate the string and bit. Kelly transmits torque from the rotary table to the drilling string.

Log

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Group of data which have been recorded systematically such as shift log, mud log, maintenance log.

Mixing Mud

2007-02-22T21:52:00.001+08:00

Preparation of drilling fluids from a mixture of water and other fluids and one or more of the various dry mud-making material such as clay, chemical, etc.

Mud

2007-02-22T21:50:00.000+08:00

Drilling fluid consists mixture of water or oil distillate and heavy minerals such as Bentonites or Barites. Mud is used during the rotary drilling and workover operations. Mud is circulated through the wellbore to provide sufficient pressure to overcome formation pressures such as gas kick.

Shear Rate

2007-02-16T19:45:00.001+08:00

Shear stress is produced when a force is applied tangentially to the surface area. Shear rate is the shear stress applied in a certain period of time.

Yield Point (YP)

2007-02-16T19:44:00.000+08:00

Shown in the Bingham plastic rheological model. YP is the yield stress extrapolated to a shear rate of zero in which YP is the zero-shear-rate intercept. YP is used to calculate the ability of a mud to lift cuttings out of the annulus.

Young’s Modulus

2007-02-16T19:42:00.000+08:00

Named after a British physicist Thomas Young (1773 -1829) is a constant to indicate the elastic modulus for a tension and compression. The mathematic expression of Young’s Modulus

E = (F/A) / (L/L)

E = Young’s Modulus
F = Force
A = Area
L = change in length
L = original length

Yield

2007-02-16T19:41:00.001+08:00

Term used in chemistry to indicate the production of certain chemical reaction

Yield Strength

2007-02-16T19:40:00.001+08:00

The amount of stress applied so that steel or plastic cannot get to its initial form or shape. When yield strength is applied, will cause permanent deformation of the specimen.

Water Injection

2007-02-16T19:39:00.001+08:00

Injecting water into the reservoir to increase the pressure. The pressurized reservoir will stimulate production by displacing oil from reservoir into the production line. Water injection is done during oil recovery from existing well.

Sweet Crude Oil

2007-02-16T19:37:00.002+08:00

Type of crude oil which contains low amount of amounts of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide i.e < 1% sulphur. This type of crude is considered high quality and have high value.

Sour Crude Oil

2007-02-16T19:37:00.001+08:00

Type of crude oil which contains high amount of amounts of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide i.e > 1% sulphur. This type of crude is considered low quality and have low value.

Sour Corrosion

2007-02-16T19:34:00.000+08:00

Type of corrosion associated with the presence of hydrogen sulphide (H2S). The metal may contact with H2S which dissolved in water.

Shear Test

2007-02-15T23:51:00.000+08:00

Test done to measure the shear strength of mud. The test can be done using shearomter. Units used in shear test is lbf/100ft2 or kPa. To measure shear strength, shear tube is placed on the testing specimen and weights are applied until the tube get into a marked-depth. The applied weight is the shear strength of the testing specimen.

Inhibit

2007-02-15T23:48:00.001+08:00

To arrest, prevent or slow down any action. For example, platforms or rigs are painted continuously to inhibit corrosion process so that the building can last longer.

Christmas Tree

2007-02-15T23:46:00.001+08:00

Assembly of valves and fittings located at the head of a well to control flow of oil and gas.

Bioassay

2007-02-15T23:43:00.001+08:00

Shorthand for biological assay. It is a laboratory test to determine effect of substances to organisms. Such experiments are done under certain environmental condition and duration. It can be done quantitatively or qualitatively. Bioassay is done by biologist or chemist.

Bioaccumulation

2007-02-15T23:39:00.001+08:00

Term use to describe accumulation of substances in the organism. The substances may enter the organism through respiration, food intake or skin contact with the substance. The accumulation may result the organism having higher concentration of that substance than other organisms surrounding environment.

API

2007-02-15T23:36:00.001+08:00

Abbreviations of American Petroleum Institute. Responsible in providing operating and safety guidelines for the petroleum industry.

Antifoam

2007-02-15T23:35:00.000+08:00

An additive use to lower interfacial tension of two surfaces facing each other. Defoaming in petroleum industry is used to release trapped gas in mud.

Agglomeration

2007-02-15T22:44:00.000+08:00

Also known as aggregation. A chemical reaction in which groups of particles aggregate in a fluid. Colloidal particles may aggregate together in the existence of polymers or alum to allow easy separation. In agglomeration, the colloidal particles will form flocks of approximately spherical shape.

Abrasion Test

2007-02-15T22:16:00.000+08:00

A type of test which measures the abrasive or wear resistance of high strength concrete. The test is done by weighing the weight of the concrete before and after subjecting to abrasive stress in a period of time. Abrasiveness is measured by the rate of weight loss, in mg/min unit.